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Example Showing the Proton donation in the Bronsted-Lowry Acid Base Reactions

Consider the reaction between nitric acid which acts as an (acid) and water molecule which acts as a base (base)

Nitric acid, HNO3 is a polar acidic molecule, The bonding pair of electrons will be attractd to the oxygen atom-as oxygen atom is more electronegative than hydrogen atom-leaving the Hydrogen atom without electrons (Hydogen atom will become a proton), so Nitric acid will work as proton donor.

while Water molecule which is a polar molecule, will be a proton Acceptor

due to the strong dipole-dipole interactions between the Hydrogen of the nitric acid and the oxygen atom of water.

The Dipole-Dipole force is strong enough to pull the hydrogen atom away from the nitiric acid as H+- (H+) ion is a proton with no valence electron -towards the oxygen atom of the water molecule, leaving NO3- anion.

As H+ forms a covalent bond with the oxygen atom of the water molecule, using one of the water molecule lone pairs, to form H3O+.

By the end of the reaction we have Hydronium ion,(Conjugate acid of the water molecule "Base"), and Nitrate Ion (Conjugate base of the nitric acid).

Acid And Base Topics

Acid-Base identification Activity
Acid-Base Identification activity
Pre-Classroom Activity
Litmus-Paper experiment
Indicator experiment
Acid And Base Topics
Acid/ Base characteristics/ Arrhenius theory.
Acid/Base Arrhenius theory limitations.
Bronsted-Lowry A/B theoryI.
Bronsted-Lowry A/B theoryII.
Lewis Acid/Base theory
Acid And Base Topics
Acid-Base strength I.
Acid-Base strength II.
Bronsted-Lowry QuestionII
Bronsted-Lowry questionII
Quiz
Acid-Base Quiz

Pre-classroom activity and Experiments

Tutorials