Neutralization and salts.

Acid + Base ----------> Salt + Water

example: the reaction of strong acid (hydrochloric acid) and a strong base (sodium hydroxide).

The molecular equation: HCl(aq) + NaOH (aq) --------> Nacl(aq) + H2O(l)

The Total Ionic equation: H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) ------> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)+ H2O(l)

The Net Ionic: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ------->H2O(l)

example: monoprotic acids: are acids in which only one H+ is produced per molecule (like: HCl, HNO3, HClO).

example of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base.

the molecular equation: 2HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ---------> Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

the Totla ionic equation: 2H+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + Ca2+(aq) + 2OH- ------> Ca2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2H2O(l)

the net ionic equation : H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --------> H2O(l)

Polyprotic acids: are acids that can produce more than one H+. it may be diprotic (two H+'s) such as H2SO4 or triprotic (three H+'s) as H3PO4

this example represents the neutralization of the strong diprotic acid, H2SO4

The molecular equation: H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) -------> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

The total ionic equation: H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -----> 2Na+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l)

The net Ionic equation: H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq) + 2OH- --------> SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l)

the Neutralization of a weak acid (HClO) with a strong base.

The molecular equation: HClO(aq) + LiOH(aq) ------> LiClO(aq) + H2O(l)

The total Ionic equation: HClO (aq) + Li+(aq) + OH-(aq) --------> Li+(aq) + ClO-(aq) + H2O(l)

The net ionc equation: HClO(aq) + OH-(aq) --------> ClO-(aq) + H2O(l)

question .8.

writing a complete neutralization reaction

write the balanced equation in molecular form illustrating the complete neutralization of Al(OH)3 with H2SO4.

Answer8

Question .9.

write the balanced molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations illustrating the reaction of 1 mol of H3PO4 with 1 mol of Ca(OH)2

Answer9

Question. 10.

Write the balanced molecular equations showing the complete neutralizations of the following.

a. HNO3 by NaOH.

b. Ca(OH)2 by HI.

c. HClO2 by KOH.

Answer10

Question 11.

A 1.0 M solution of HF has [H3O]+=0.050. what is the percent ionization of the acid?

Answer11

Question 12.

Write two equations illustrating the stepwise neutralization of H2S with LiOH

Answer12

Question 13.

Write the equation illustrating the reaction between 1 mol of Ca(OH)2 and 2 mol of H3PO4.

Answer13