Neutralization and salts
Acid + Base ----------> Salt + Water
example: the reaction of strong acid (hydrochloric acid) and a strong base (sodium hydroxide).
The molecular equation: HCl(aq) + NaOH (aq) --------> Nacl(aq) + H2O(l)
The Total Ionic equation: H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
+ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) ------>
Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)+ H2O(l)
The Net Ionic: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ------->H2O(l)
example: monoprotic acids: are acids in which only one H+ is produced per molecule (like: HCl, HNO3, HClO).
example of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base.
the molecular equation: 2HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ---------> Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
the Totla ionic equation: 2H+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + Ca2+(aq) + 2OH- ------> Ca2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
the net ionic equation : H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --------> H2O(l)
this example represents the neutralization of the strong diprotic acid, H2SO4
The molecular equation: H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) -------> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
The total ionic equation: H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
+ 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -----> 2Na+(aq)
+ SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
The net Ionic equation: H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq) + 2OH- --------> SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
the Neutralization of a weak acid (HClO) with a strong base.
The molecular equation: HClO(aq) + LiOH(aq) ------> LiClO(aq) + H2O(l)
The total Ionic equation: HClO (aq) + Li+(aq) + OH-(aq) --------> Li+(aq) + ClO-(aq) + H2O(l)
The net ionc equation: HClO(aq) + OH-(aq) --------> ClO-(aq) + H2O(l)