Unit 2: Molecular and Ionic Compound Structures and Properties

• MolView MolView is an intuitive, Open-Source web-application to make science and education more awesome! MolView is mainly intended as web-based data visualization platform. This app will show a molecular modeling package.

• Jsmol Software from Robert Hansen at St. Olaf College that displays models of simple compounds. To view a particulqr molecule enter the name of the molecule in the field just below Jsmol image view area.

Topic 2.1 Types of Chemical Bonds

• Introductory Lecture Notes - Covalent Compounds These lecture notes introduce the idea of covalent bonds as the sharing of electrons as a result of the overlap of atomic orbitals.

• Introductory Lecture Notes - Strength of Ionic Bonds These lecture notes introduce lattice energy as a measure of the strength of an ionic bond.

Topic 2.2 Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy

• Potential Energy Diagrams This simulation shows a graph of the potential energy versus distance as two atoms are moved closer together. Software from Molecular Workbench

Topic 2.3 Structure of Ionic Solids

• Models 360 Software from the ChemEd Digital Library can be used to display examples of ionic compounds. The link will open a page listing a collection of Solids from the Models 360 web page. In the new page that is displayed click on the Primary Ionic Structures button to see a dropdown menu of example ionic solids.

Topic 2.4 Structure of Metals and Alloys

• Models 360 Software from the ChemEd Digital Library can be used to display examples of metals and alloys. The link will open a page listing a collection of Solids from the Models 360 web page. In the new page that is displayed click on the Primary Metallic Structures button to see a dropdown menu of example common metallic solid structures.

Topic 2.5 Lewis Structures

• MolView MolView is an intuitive, Open-Source web-application to make science and education more awesome! MolView is mainly intended as web-based data visualization platform.

• Introductory Lecture Notes - Lewis Structures These lecture notes introduce a systematic approach to drawing the complete Lewis structure for a covalent compound or polyatomic ion.

Topic 2.6 Resonance and Formal Charge

Topic 2.7 VSEPR and Bond Hybridization

• Introductory Lecture Notes - Atomic Orbitals and Hybrid Orbital in Covalent Bonding The notes discuss the use of atomic orbitals in HF, H₂O and NH₃, along with a discussion of the conflict between the predicted and experimental H-X-H bond angle in H₂O and NH₃. Short movies depicting the overlap of atomic orbitals are provided. Hybrid orbitals are also discussed and movies are provided depicting the use of hybrid orbitals in CH₄, BH₃, BeH₂, C₂H₄, and C₂H₂.

• Hybrid Orbitals in CH₄, BH₃, BeH₂, C₂H₄, and C₂H₂

• VSEPR Examples of Molecular Geometries

• Models 360 NOTE (as of January 17, 2022 this link is to a temporary site): Currently this website is migrating. Software from the ChemEd Digital Library that displays molecular geometry for a large collections of covalent compounds.

• Introductory Lecture Notes - Covalent Bonding

  This link contains introductory lecture notes for covalent bonds. Covalent bonds form from the overlap of atomic and/or hybrid orbitals. The notes describe how bonding in diatomic compounds and be described using atomic orbitals and more complicated compounds where covalent bonds involve the overlap of hybrid orbitals.

• Introductory Lecture Notes - VSEPR

  This link contains lecture notes introducing the molecular geometries and bond angles for covalent compounds with central atoms with different combinations of bonding domains and nonbonding domains.

• Molecular Modeling Activity

  This link will open a pdf version of a Molecular Modeling activity. The activity uses Models 360 to determine patterns of molecular geometry, bond distances and bond angles. Molecular Modeling Activity Answers