Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base

Theory II

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Welcome to The Acid/Base chemistryweb-site

Example showing the proton donation in the Bronsted-Lowry
acid base reactions

Consider the reaction between nitric acid which acts
as an acid and water molecule which acts as a base.

The reaction between Nitric acid and water takes four steps:

The O-H bond in nitric acid consists of oxygen atom
which is more electronegative than the hydrogen atom.
Therefore The bonding pair of electrons are attractd
to the oxygen atom, leaving the hydrogen atom as
a proton. Nitric acid acts as a proton donor while water
molecule acts as a proton acceptor.

In the second step of the reaction. Dipole-Dipole
force which creates between nitric acid and water
is strong enough to pull the proton away from nitiric
acid towards the oxygen atom of the water
molecule, forming NO₃^- anion.

The released proton forms a covalent bond with
the oxygen atom of the water molecule, using
one of the water molecule lone pairs.

The reaction between nitric acid (acid, proton donor )
and water (base, proton acceptor). forms nitrate ion
(the cojugate base of nitric acid) and hydronium ion
(the conjugate acid of water molecule ) see figure above.
HNO₃ + H₂O NO₃^- + OH^-

Acid And Base Topics

Acid-Base identification Activity: Acid-Base Identification activity

Pre-Classroom Activity: Litmus-Paper experiment; Indicator experiment

Acid And Base Topics: Acid/ Base characteristics/ Arrhenius theory.; Acid/Base Arrhenius theory limitations.; Bronsted-Lowry A/B theoryI.; Bronsted-Lowry A/B theoryII.; Lewis Acid/Base theory

Acid And Base Topics: Acid-Base strength I.; Acid-Base strength II.

Bronsted-Lowry QuestionII: Bronsted-Lowry questionII

Quiz: Acid-Base Quiz

Pre-classroom activity and Experiments

Litmus paper experiment
this experiment explores the effect of different chemicals on the color change of Litmus paper, it also shows the difference between Bronsted-lowry acid and base.
Indicator experiment
This experiment explores the effect of different chemicals on the color change of a n Acid-Base indicator.

Acid-Base pH meter titration Experiment
this experiment explores the effect of different chemicals on the color change of Litmus paper, it also shows the difference between Bronsted-lowry acid and base.

Acid-Base Titration experiment
This experiment explores the effect of different chemicals on the color change of a n Acid-Base indicator.

Tutorials

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